Everything you Wanted to know About Wideband Low frequency Transformers: 11/23/00 EDN-Design Ideas / (added 5/03).
External Isolation Transformer Box: designed for Mackie and other Mixers Eliminates RFI Problems (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
Grounding & Shielding: describes basic audio transformer uses like balanced in/out and signal splitters (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
High CMRR Balanced Interface: Uses for Crystal18 or20 Bit A/D Converters. This is a PDF file (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
High Output Line Driver for Single Ended Power Supply: PDF file (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
IC Mic Preamp uses Jensen Twin Servo topology: (added 8/02).
Isolator transformer for audio lines: If you want to do the ground loop elimination in audio path, you have to cut the galvanic connection but pass the whole audio range. The simplest and most common way to do the isolation is use audio transformer which is ment for audio use. Transformers for audio use have some problems like distorted bass response and attenuating in high-frequency response. Basically a transformer slows down upper frequencies and allow the low frequencies to pass first, creating what we perceive as a "fat/warm" tone. Inadequate frequency response on the low end (rolloff at like 20Hz), causes low frequencies to be "slowed", allowing the upper frequencies to be heard first, this is perceived as "barky/ brittle". High-quality audio transformers cover whole audio band with good response, but those are quite expensive....(Schematic / circuit added 10/05).
A magnetic loop antenna for 160 to 15m: (design added 6/07)
A magnetic loop antenna for 40 to 17m local and DX contacts from tight spaces: (design added 6/07)
A magnetic loop antenna for 80 and 40m an antenna for anywhere, even indoors!: (design added 6/07).
A QRP DX antenna pier + squid pole + wire = QRP DX: (design added 6/07)
Active Antenna for AM-FM-SW: (circuit added 9/04)
Active Antenna for HF-VHF-UHF: (circuit added 9/04)
Active Antenna with Gain: An antenna with an integrated RF (electronic circuit added 6/02)
AM/FM/SW Active Antenna: This circuit shows an active antenna that can be used for AM, FM, and shortwave SW. On shortwave band this active antenna is comparable to a20 to30 foot wire antenna. This circuit uses receivers that use untuned wire antennas, such as inexpensive units and car radios. L1 can be selected for application (added 4/02)
An end-fed antenna: L-match coupler and resistive bridge for HF one wire, all bands (design added 6/07)
Antennas: Ground Pole and Half-Wave Dipole Antennas (circuit added 10/06)
Magnetic loop antenna for 160 to 15m: (design added 6/07)
Magnetic loop antenna for 40 to 17m local and DX contacts from tight spaces: (design added 6/07)
OA-26: OA-26 Designing Active High Speed Filters: National Semiconductor Application Note (app note added 3/06)
MW Active Antenna: This circuit is designed to amplify the input from a telescopic whip antenna. The preamplifier is designed to cover the medium waveband from about 550Khz to 1650Khz. The tuning voltage required is 1 to 12 volts and can be obtained from a 10k potentiometer connected to the 12 Volt power supply. RV1 is the gain control allowing weak signals to be amplified or strong signals to be attenuated. The control voltage is applied to gate 2 of TR1, a dual-gate MOSFET, the signal voltage applied via gate 1; .... (added 10/05)
Q-Multiplying Loop Antenna: (electronic design added 6/07)
QRP Antenna Tuner: (electronic design added 6/07)
QRP Antenna Tuner: (electronic design added 6/07)
QRP DX antenna pier : (design added 6/07)
TV/Radio Antenna Cable galvanic isolator: (design added 8/03)
The ATL-3 Loop Antenna: (electronic design added 6/07).
29.85 MHz Bandpass Filter Schematic: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
45 to 90Hz hum filter: (electronic circuit added 2/07)
A Basic Introduction to Filters: Active, Passive and Switched-Capacitor: National Semiconductor Application Note (app note added 6/06)
A Simple Method of Designing Multiple Order All Pole Bandpass Filters by Cascading 2nd Order Sections: AN27A Linear Technology Presents two methods of designing high quality switched capacitor bandpass filters. Both methods are intended to vastly simplify mamatics involved in filter design by using tabular methods. The text assumed no filter design experience but allows high quality filters to be implemented by techniques not presented before in literature. The designs are implemented by numerous examples using devices from LTC's SwitchedCapacitor filter family: LTC1060, LTC1061, and LTC1064. Butterworth and Chebyshev bandpass filters are discussed.
Active 2nd Order Filters: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Active Bandpass Filters: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Akerberg-Mossberg AM Second Order Bandpass inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Bandpass Filter Features Adjustable Q and Constant Maximum Gain: 03/3/05 EDN-Design Ideas / (added 5/05) In low-noise analog circuits, a high-gain amplifier serves at input to increase SNR. The input signal level determines input-stage gain; low-level signals require highest gain. It is also standard practice in low-noise analog-signal processing to make circuit's bandwidth as narrow as possible to pass only useful input-signal spectrum...
Bandpass Filter Single Opamp : A band pass filter passes a range of frequencies while rejecting frequencies outside upper and lower limits of passband. The range of frequencies to be passed is called passband and extends from a point below center frequency to a point above center frequency where output voltage falls about 70% of output voltage at center frequency. (added 5/02)
BandPass Filter: Highpass frequencies >70MHz and low pass frequencies 180MHz. (circuit added 9/06)
Bandpass Filters #3: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Bandpass filters: (circuit diagram added 1/07)
Bandpass filters: (circuit diagram added 1/07)
Bandpass filters: (diagram added 2/07)
Band-pass Network: Circuit Ideas for Designers Application Notes Advanced Linear Devices, Inc. (app note added 6/06)
Basic Introduction to Filters : Application notes on active, passive and switched capacitor filters, document in PDF format (app note added 4/02)
Basic Introduction to Filters : Application notes on active, passive and switched capacitor filters, document in PDF format (app note added 4/02)
Berka-Herpy BH Second Order Bandpass non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Biquad Active Bandpass Filter Schematic: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Cascade Bandpass Filters for Higher Q: 02/15/00 EDN-Design Ideas / (added 2/06)
Chebyshe Volt Bandpass Filter: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Chebyshe Volt/Butterworth Filters: (electronic circuit added 7/03)
Constant-impedance IF bandpass filters improve circuit performance: Application Note MiniCircuits.com (app note added 6/07)
Deliyannis Second Order Bandpass I inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Deliyannis Second Order Bandpass II inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Digital signal processor DSP for radio communications: (diagram added 2/07)
Dpps Program Key Parameters of Bandpass Filter: 12/12/02 EDN Design Ideas / (added 12/04) The three-amplifier implementation of the state-variable filter in Figure 1 provides for second-order bandpass, highpass, and lowpass responses. The strength of the circuit, however, is in the bandpass response (VOUT/VIN), in which it's easy to achieve high gain (G) and high Q. These two characteristics are important in applications in which selectivity is a key parameter in the filter....
Equal Element Filter Improves Passband Performance: 03/15/01 EDN-Design Ideas / (added 2/06)
Fliege Second Order Bandpass non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
High Dynamic Range Bandpass Filters for Communications: DN37 Design Notes (Linear Technology) (app note added 1/06)
KHN Inverting Input Second Order Bandpass non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
KHN Non-Inverting Input Second Order Bandpass inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
LC filter design: (diagram added 2/07)
Linkwitz Cosine Burst Generator: part of speaker measurement set described in the construction article (added 6/07)
Isolation Transformer Passes Millihertz Signals: 08/04/94 EDN-Design Ideas / (Electronic Circuit diagram added 03/03) You can successfully use an ordinary low-cost line transformer as an isolation transformer in ac circuits that require floating sources. However, at frequencies below 20 to 30 Hz, high distortion and excessive phase shifting occur. The simple circuit in Fig 1 restores the phase and frequency response down into the millihertz region. Based on phase-response data, the low-end frequency response extends below 100 mHz...
Internal Modification to Mic Inputs of the Mackie 1604 Mixer Eliminates RFI Problems: adding transformer isolation increases common mode rejection and eliminates RF interference, PDF document (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
Interconnection of Balanced & Unbalanced Equipment: 4 page booklet in PDF format (Electronic Schematic / circuit added 4/02).
18v AC to DC Power Supply
This is a classic linear power supply which produces a regulated 18v, rated at about 1 amp. (added 7/06).
This is a classic linear power supply which produces a regulated 18v, rated at about 1 amp. (added 7/06).
240VAC TO 5VDC POWER SUPPLY
This is simple way to power some 5v logic from a 240vac source. If a 120vac power adapter is used, the circuit will also work for 120vac power lines.
This is simple way to power some 5v logic from a 240vac source. If a 120vac power adapter is used, the circuit will also work for 120vac power lines.
CAPS PROVIDE VOLTAGE BOOST TO SERIES REGULATOR This circuit adds some capacitors and diodes to a traditional transformer type series regulator circuit to extend the normal operating range. It can insure regulation during low line voltage conditions or it can squeeze a few more watts out of a plug-in-the-wall power adapter power supply.
Classic Plus and Minus DC Power Supply
This is a classic example of a regulated DC power supply that produces both a positive 15v and a negative 15v from a 20vac wall adapter. (added 12/04).
This is a classic example of a regulated DC power supply that produces both a positive 15v and a negative 15v from a 20vac wall adapter. (added 12/04).
Classic Linear 5v Supply Using 6.3vac Transformer A classic method for producing a regulated +5v DC supply is shown below. This circuit consists of an iron core transformer, a bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor and a voltage regulator. Many people are tempted to use a very popular 6.3v transformer for this +5v supply but they will often discover that there just isn’t enough voltage from the transformer to make the circuit work properly under all but very light load conditions. Higher transformer voltages will work but at the expense of much more power being dissipated in the voltage regulator....
LOW POWER 12,000 VOLT POWER SUPPLY If you need about 12,000 volts DC for an ion generator this circuit might be the ticket. It draws power from the 120vac power line but it uses a small 6KV camera flash trigger coil. The output signal is isolated from the power line. Although the circuit can only deliver about 5uA of current it can produce dangerous shocks, so be careful.
MINIATURE ISOLATED AC/DC POWER SUPPLY This circuit uses a novel approach to produce a fully isolated and regulated 5 volts @30ma from the 120vac power line. It uses two tiny SCRs that alternately discharge two capacitors through a miniature high frequency transformer. The voltage spikes produced through the transformer are rectified, filtered and regulated. A very common 8 ohm audio impedance matching transformer can be used for the transformer. Published in EDN, Feb. 17, 1992
Run Switching Type AC Power Adapters on DC NEW
I have received a couple emails from people looking for inexpensive DC to DC converters, which can convert 40v to 60v DC into say +5 or +12v. Such input voltages are often found in new automotive and industrial applications with a typical DC voltage of 48 volts. It turns out that many, not all, but many, standard AC line operated power adapters, which use switch mode techniques, will indeed work great when supplied with DC instead of AC. The unit below works down to about 30v DC and delivers 500ma at 5v. If you draw less current, it will operate at even lower DC input voltages....
I have received a couple emails from people looking for inexpensive DC to DC converters, which can convert 40v to 60v DC into say +5 or +12v. Such input voltages are often found in new automotive and industrial applications with a typical DC voltage of 48 volts. It turns out that many, not all, but many, standard AC line operated power adapters, which use switch mode techniques, will indeed work great when supplied with DC instead of AC. The unit below works down to about 30v DC and delivers 500ma at 5v. If you draw less current, it will operate at even lower DC input voltages....
Non-isolated Off-line AC to DC Power Supply
This compact efficient circuit can provide up to 100ma of a regulated 5 volts from an AC power source ranging from 20vac to 120vac.
This compact efficient circuit can provide up to 100ma of a regulated 5 volts from an AC power source ranging from 20vac to 120vac.
A Compact Algorithm using the ADXL202 Duty Cycle Output: AN-603 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
A Design and Manufacturing Guide for the Lead Frame Chip Scale Package: AN-772 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06)
Acceleration Monitor using ADXL202 and AVR: (Electronic circuit added 7/03) ADXL202 Accelerometer to C Volt Output: The Air Whammy is a simple dual control voltage generator that uses a 2 axis accelerometer as the source. The whole circuit fits .
AN-347: Shielding and Guarding: AN-347 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06) How to Exclude Interference-Type Noise. What to do and Why to do it-A Rational Approach
AN-374: Using Accelerometers in Low g Applications: AN-374 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-377: Increasing the Frequency Response of the ADXL Series Accelerometers: AN-377 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-378: Reducing the Average Power Consumption of Accelerometers: AN-378 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-379: Mounting Considerations for ADXL Series Accelerometers: AN-379 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AC Line Powered LED Strings
This shows 4 different ways to string white LEDs that are powered by a 120vac or 240vac power line. The circuit was designed by Ken Schultz. (added 12/04).
This shows 4 different ways to string white LEDs that are powered by a 120vac or 240vac power line. The circuit was designed by Ken Schultz. (added 12/04).
CHARGE COUPLED BI-DIRECTIONAL POWER MOSFET RELAY
The circuit uses an inexpensive C-MOS inverter package and a few small capacitors to drive two power MOS transistors from a 12v to 15v supply. Since the coupling capacitor values used to drive the FETs are small, the leakage current from the power line into the control circuit is a tiny 4uA. Only about 1.5mA of DC is needed to turn on and off 400 watts of AC or DC power to a load.
The circuit uses an inexpensive C-MOS inverter package and a few small capacitors to drive two power MOS transistors from a 12v to 15v supply. Since the coupling capacitor values used to drive the FETs are small, the leakage current from the power line into the control circuit is a tiny 4uA. Only about 1.5mA of DC is needed to turn on and off 400 watts of AC or DC power to a load.
SOLID STATE RELAY REQUIRES ONLY 50uA DRIVE CURRENT
This circuit demands a control current that is 100 times smaller than that needed by a typical optically isolatedsolid state relays. It is ideal for battery-powered systems. Using a combination of a high current TRIAC and a very sensitive low current SCR, the circuit can control about 600 watts of power to load while providing full isolation and transient protection.
This circuit demands a control current that is 100 times smaller than that needed by a typical optically isolatedsolid state relays. It is ideal for battery-powered systems. Using a combination of a high current TRIAC and a very sensitive low current SCR, the circuit can control about 600 watts of power to load while providing full isolation and transient protection.
ISOLATED AC CURRENT MONITOR
This circuit uses a small AC current transformer from Magnetek to produce an isolated voltage proportional to the AC current in the primary winding. The transformer contains a single turn primary with a low 0.001-ohm resistance. It can easily handle 30 amps of AC current and provides at least 500vac of isolation. With the components shown, the output AC voltage is scaled so 1 amp of current produces 100mv of AC voltage.
This circuit uses a small AC current transformer from Magnetek to produce an isolated voltage proportional to the AC current in the primary winding. The transformer contains a single turn primary with a low 0.001-ohm resistance. It can easily handle 30 amps of AC current and provides at least 500vac of isolation. With the components shown, the output AC voltage is scaled so 1 amp of current produces 100mv of AC voltage.
+12V/-12V Power Supply unit: To work the circuit which used the operational amplifier and so on, the positive and the negative power supply become necessary. The power supply which I introduce here is the one to have used the unit which has the two power supplies of 12 V in the one unit.
The power supply unit is using the ready-made. It inputs AC100 V and it is possible to take out 12 V of the two DCs which are independent as the output. (Electronic circuit added 4/05).
The power supply unit is using the ready-made. It inputs AC100 V and it is possible to take out 12 V of the two DCs which are independent as the output. (Electronic circuit added 4/05).
12V to 9V car converter: (Electronic circuit added 4/05).
Algorithm Tests for Point Location: 08/03/00 EDN-Design Ideas / (Circuit / schematic design added 6/06) .
Algorithm Transforms Filter Coefficients: 01/21/99 EDN-Design Ideas / (Circuit / schematic design added 6/06) To synthesize infinite-impulse-response (IIR)-filter functions, expressed as H(z), you commonly use analog prototype-filter functions, expressed as H(s), using the bilinear-z transform. This operation entails some algebraic complexity in calculating the filter coefficients. The simple algorithm shown here transforms the prototype-filter coefficients (W0, W1, W2) to the IIR digital-filter coefficients (U0, U1, U2). These coefficients transform from the s (analog) domain to the z (digital) domain....
An Acoustic Transformer Powered Super-High Isolation Amplifier: National Semiconductor - Application Note (app note added added 6/06).
AN-285: An Acoustic Transformer Powered Super-High Isolation Amplifier: National Semiconductor - Application Note (app note added 6/06).
Connect line-level signal to phono input : The circuit does two functions: signal level attenuation and inverse RIAA filtering. The signal attenuation is needed to convert the 500 mV signal to 2.5 mV signal. The inverse-RIAA filtering is needed to make the frequency response of the system flat (same equalization that is used when music is transferred to vinyl in the studio). The picture blow shows the frequency response of the ideal inverse-RIAA filter (Schematic / circuit added 10/05).
AN-380: Compensating for the 0 g Offset Drift of the ADXL50 Accelerometer: AN-380 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-383: Embedded Shock and Temperature Recorder: AN-383 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-385 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-396: Understanding Accelerometer Scale Factor and Offset Adjustments: AN-396 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-411: Acceleration to Frequency Circuits: AN-411 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-596: Using the ADXL202/ADXL210 with the Parallax BASIC Stamp Module® to Speed Algorithm Development: AN-596 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-598: Temperature Compensation Techniques for Low g iMEMS Accelerometers: AN-598 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-600: Embedding Temperature Information in the ADXL202's PWM Outputs: AN-600 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-601: Minimizing Power Consumption of iMEMS® Accelerometers: AN-601 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-602: Using the ADXL202 in Pedometer and Personal Navigation Applications: AN-602 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-603: A Compact Algorithm using the ADXL202 Duty Cycle Output: AN-603 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-604: Using the ADXL202 Duty Cycle Output: AN-604 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-652: Considerations for Soldering Accelerometers in LCC-8 Packages onto Printed Circuit Boards: AN-652 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
AN-772: A Design and Manufacturing Guide for the Lead Frame Chip Scale Package: AN-772 - Analog Devices Application Notes (added 2/06).
An Acoustic Transformer Powered Super-High Isolation Amplifier: National Semiconductor Application Note (app note added 2/06).
AN-285: An Acoustic Transformer Powered Super-High Isolation Amplifier: National Semiconductor Application Note (app note added 2/06).
AN597: Implementing Ultrasonic Ranging: Microchip Application Note Published 26-Aug-97 (app note added 2/06).
AN-H56: Designing an Ultrasound Pulser with MD1812/MD1813: Supertex Semiconductors (app note added 2/06)
Circuit for a Critter Ridder: Ultrasonic Sound Generator (circuit design added 11/06)
Designing an Ultrasound Pulser with MD1812/MD1813: Supertex Semiconductors (app note added 2/06)
IR Detector/Emitter: (electronic circuit added 4/05)
Popular Electronics Ultrasound Detector: (electronic circuit added 4/05)
Ultrasonic dog whistle: (electronic design added 10/06).
Ultrasonic Parking Sonar: (schematic / circuit design added 08/05)
Ultrasonic Pest Repeller : (electronic Schematic added 03/05)
Ultrasonic radar: This is a very interesting project with many practical applications in security and alarm systems for homes, shops and cars. It consists of a set of ultrasonic receiver and transmitter which operate at the same frequency. When something moves in the area covered by the circuit the circuit’s... (electronic design added 6/07)
Ultrasonic radar: This is a very interesting project with many practical applications in security and alarm systems for homes, shops and cars. It consists of a set of ultrasonic receiver and transmitter which operate at the same frequency. When something moves in the area covered by the circuit the circuit’s... (electronic design added 6/07)
Ultrasonic Remote Control and Alarm: (circuit added 7/02)
Multiple Feedback MFB Second Order Highpass inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Sallen-Key SK Second Order Highpass I non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Sallen-Key SK Second Order Highpass II non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
Twin-T Second Order Highpass non-inverting: (electronic design added 6/07)
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